Rupture of the coronary artery or complete closing of the coronary artery, needing open-heart surgeryĪllergic reaction to the contrast dye used Possible risks linked to angioplasty, stenting, atherectomy, and related procedures include:īleeding at the site where the catheter is put into the body (usually the groin, wrist, or arm)īlood clot or damage to the blood vessel from the catheterīlood clot within the treated blood vessel In some cases, radiation therapy may be given through a catheter placed near the scar tissue to stop the growth of scar tissue and open up the vessel. This may be using either balloon angioplasty or with a second stent. If scar tissue does form inside the stent, you may need a repeat procedure. This may be the preferred stent in people who are at high risk of bleeding.īecause stents can become blocked, it's important to talk with your healthcare team about what you need to do if you have chest pain after a stent placement. They may have higher rates of stenosis, but they don't require long-term use of antiplatelet medicines. Some stents don't have this medicine coating and are called bare metal stents (BMS). This helps prevent the blood vessel from becoming narrow again. They release medicine within the blood vessel that slows the overgrowth of tissue within the stent. These stents are called drug-eluting stents (DES). Most stents are coated with medicine to prevent scar tissue from forming inside the stent. Your healthcare team will give specific instructions on which medicines need to be taken and for how long. The medicine can also prevent blood clots from forming inside the stent. Platelets are special blood cells that clump together to stop bleeding. You may be prescribed medicines called antiplatelets to decrease the "stickiness" of platelets. The stent will be fully lined with tissue within 3 to 12 months, depending on if the stent has a medicine coating or not. Once the stent has been placed, tissue will start to coat the stent like a layer of skin. It is put into the newly opened area of the artery to help keep the artery from narrowing or closing again. A stent is a tiny, expandable metal mesh coil. When the catheter reaches the narrowed spot in the artery, the plaque is broken up or cut away to open the artery.Ĭoronary stents are now used in nearly all angioplasty procedures. In atherectomy, the provider may use a catheter with a a rotating tip. This may include removing the plaque (atherectomy) at the site of the narrowing of the artery. The healthcare provider may decide that you need another type of procedure. Fluoroscopy is a special type of X-ray that’s like an X-ray "movie." It helps the doctor find the blockages in the heart arteries as a contrast dye moves through the arteries. The healthcare provider uses fluoroscopy during the surgery. This presses the plaque or blood clot against the sides of the artery, making more room for blood flow. Once the catheter is in place, the balloon is inflated at the narrowed area of the heart artery. The catheter has a tiny balloon at its tip. Angioplasty is also called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).įor angioplasty, a long, thin tube (catheter) is put into a blood vessel and guided to the blocked coronary artery. Or it can be done as elective surgery if your healthcare provider strongly suspects you have heart disease. Angioplasty can be done in an emergency setting such as a heart attack. It restores blood flow to the heart muscle without open-heart surgery. Angioplasty is a procedure used to open blocked coronary arteries caused by coronary artery disease.
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